影響自我認知體重之因素與影響自我認知與實際體重之差異因素探討
Factors affecting self-perception of body weight status and
the discrepancy between actual weight status and
perception of weight status: A review
1Lee, Yi-Chen 1Chuang, Han-Tsung 2Tien, Yi-Cheng 2Hsiu, Tzu-Huan
1Department of Health Administration Tzu Chu College of Technology
2General Education Center Tzu Chu College of Technology
Abstract
The health issue of overweight and obesity are a worldwide epidemic. Many relationships among the cause and effect factors on this issue are well established. However, people are still getting overweight and obesity around the world. Therefore, it is worth to consider other factors that may affect on people’s behaviors to avoid overweight and obesity. One possible reason is that many people have wrong image about their weight status, so some overweight and obesity people may feel that they are fit. This article review recent literature about people’s self-perception of their body weight status. However, it is found that there are not many studies about this issue. Among recent literature, the perception of weight status has focused more on adolescents, and people are not perceptive in recognizing their body weight status. The factors that may affect people to have stricter normal weight standards are younger people, female, non-African people, and people who have higher SES. Therefore, it is also found that people who are older, male, African Americans, and in a lower SES are more likely to underestimate their body weight status. Furthermore, people who self-perceive themselves as overweight and obesity may have more active to diet. The proportions of people who
underestimated themselves body weight status are in a very wide range among different populations. Moreover, people who have higher levels of physical active are more likely incorrect self-perception of body weight status. Further research studies can focus on this issue to figure out the cause and effect factors on the self-perception of body weight status.
Keywords：overweight, obesity, self-perception of body weight
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影響自我認知體重之因素與
影響自我認知與實際體重之差異因素探討
1 李怡真 1 莊漢宗 2 田一成 2 修子
1 慈濟技術學院醫務管理學系
2 慈濟技術學院通識教育中心
摘 要
肥胖（Obesity）這個議題已經在全世界蔓延，世界衛生組織早在1988 年就已經宣布肥胖是世界性的流行。因此許多學者已針對影響肥胖的相關因素有過深入的研究與探討，並且也找出其因果關係。然而肥胖情況仍然不斷的增加，尤其是在愈來愈西化的國家之中。因此除了探討上述影響肥胖的因素之外，有那些的因素會影響人們的行為去避免肥胖及過重，也是公共衛生上的另一個可思考方向。一個可能的因素是民眾對自己的身材有錯誤的認知，所以許多肥胖（Obesity）及過重（Overweight）的人覺得自己並不胖，反而覺得自己的身材剛好，因此他們就沒有動機去做適當的飲食控制或運動，而愈來愈胖。等到明顯的肥胖情形出現後才開始有所動作，卻已困難重重。本篇文章主在探討現有的已發表文獻中有關於民眾對自己的體重的認知情況，並且探討影響民眾對體重的錯誤認知因素為何。然而目前的文獻中並沒有許多的研究探討這個議題，在現有的文獻分析後主要發現為：針對自我認知的體重狀況，研究對象多以青少年為主，且研究結果不論那個年齡層的人，大多無良好的自我認知體重狀況。除了標準體重的認知錯誤外，低估的比例自1.5%到65.2%，亦有很大的差異性，但這是因為從不同研究族群所得的結果。研究結果並且發現，女性、年輕族群、非非裔族群、或有較高的社會經濟地位的族群的人對於自我正常體重的標準較為嚴苛。因此某些研究亦發現男性、較年長的人、非裔族群、或有較低社會經濟地位的人就被發現較容易低估自己體重狀況。而且自我認知體重狀況為過重和肥胖的人是有較高的動機與行動去做飲食控制的行為。然而研究卻發現有較高運動的民眾反而容錯誤估計自己的體重狀況。因此未來的研究也許可以找出更多的造成人們自我認知體重狀況錯誤的相關因素，以提供給健康促進人員更有利的訊息，進一步的可以有效的控制肥胖比例不斷增加的事實。
關鍵字：過重，肥胖，自我認知體重
