杜詩集大成與詩聖說
杜詩集大成與詩聖說
蔡志超
摘要
自古以來，前賢即認為杜甫集詩歌之大成。不僅如此，杜甫更被後人推尊為詩聖。前者形成「杜詩集大成」說；後者形成「杜甫詩聖」說。這兩種說法在古典詩學中（或杜詩學中）早已各自成為重要論題。然而，「集大成」與「聖」的關係為何呢？目前學界較少深入探究兩說間的關係。
杜詩號稱「集大成」，其內涵為何呢？杜甫又著稱「詩聖」，其理由為何呢？「集大成」是否為「聖」的因素呢？事實上，這兩者間的關係極為密切。一般而言，在詩歌上既能集古今大成，其詩作理當超凡入聖，也因此杜甫可被尊為詩聖。那麼，「集大成」乃是杜甫「詩聖」說的重要因素，兩者間的關係緊密。除此之外，「集大成」是否還綰攝其他概念呢？本文嘗試論述這個議題。
關鍵字：杜詩、集大成、詩聖、詩中之經
Du Fu as “Sage Poet” and His Works as the “Epitome of Poetry”
Chih-Chao Tsai
Abstract
Du Fu’s poems have been regarded as the “epitome of poetry” across Chinese history, with Du himself revered as the “Sage Poet.” These titles have sparked heated discussions in the study of Chinese classical poetry; however, few studies have explored the relationship between the two.
This paper discusses the connotations of naming Du’s works the “epitome of poetry” and the reasons behind his fame as the “Sage Poet.” Regardless of whether the declaration of the “epitome of poetry” led to the birth of the “Sage Poet,” these two titles have a close relation. Poems generally become revered as masterpieces because of their extraordinary characteristics; Du earned the title “Sage Poet” because his works are considered masterpieces. Thus, his works being the “epitome of poetry” enabled Du to find fame as the “Sage Poet.” This paper also addresses whether the concept of being the “epitome of poetry” reflects other notions.
Key words: Du Fu poems; Epitome of poetry; Sage Poet; Classic Poem
