從史學「同情之理解」談杜甫〈石壕吏〉
從史學「同情之理解」談杜甫〈石壕吏〉
李順民
慈濟技術學院通識教育中心副教授
摘 要
「詩史互證」是近來頗受重視的研究方式，以詩證史的方法已獲得史學界的肯定，但是文學界對於「以史證詩」卻頗有疑慮。本文選定中國唐代詩人杜甫的寫實名作〈石壕吏〉為例，運用歷史「同情之理解」加以解讀，發現若善用歷史方法解讀詩歌，將可得到異於傳統評家的別解。〈石壕吏〉的寫作手法是利用視覺與聽覺的變化，揉合主觀與客觀心理的轉移，達到近似現代新聞報導的臨場感。詩中的主要情節是老婦為保護投宿的詩人而犧牲自己，詩人運用委婉的敘述，表達對亂世之中人性光輝的歌詠。運用歷史「同情之理解」，能讓讀者在時代背景、歷史的想像、合理的解釋等方面獲得對詩歌的新體驗，「以史解詩」應能對文史互通有所幫助。
關鍵詞：杜甫、石壕吏、詩史互證、同情的理解、詩歌欣賞
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A New Perspective of Du Fu's Poem “Shi-Hao official” with Historical Method “The Sympathized Understanding”
Shun-Ming Lee
General
Abstract
The academic community pays much attention to the research way “mutual corroboration between epic and history” recently. The method that “use poems to prove history” has already obtained affirmation of the historical circles. However, in the literary circles there are a lot of doubts to “use history to prove poems” method. This study selected a realistic poem "Shi-Hao official" that was written by Chinese famous poet Du Fu as the example to use historical method “the sympathized understanding”' to explain it. We can find that if we use historical method to understand poems it is likely to get the new explanation which is different from that of the traditional critic. The writing of poem " Shi-Hao official " was to utilize the interchange of sense between the vision and hearing, and the interchange of mental transformation between neutrality and concern. In a sense, the poem shows us the perspective of reality like that in modern news report. The main plot in this poem was that an old woman sacrifices herself for protecting the poet. The poet used the mild narration to express his admiration of brilliant human nature in troubled times. It proves that using historical method “the sympathized understanding” can help readers to get the new perspective of the poems.
Keywords: Du Fu, Mutual Corroboration between Epic and History, Poem appreciation, Shi- Hao official, sympathized understanding
