李明憲¹ 劉翠媚² 沈淑鳳³

慈濟技術學院¹ 花蓮師範學院² 國立中央大學體育室³

摘要

本研究在於瞭解是否身體活動方面的性別差異，可由社會認知因素所解釋，研究對象為鄉村國小五六年級的學童，總計382人，結果顯示男童對於中重度及重度的身體活動有較高的參與, 相較於女童，男童有較高的自我效能、同儕社會支持、運動相關知識、較多的家庭運動設備、較低的知覺運動障礙，中重度身體活動量的性別差異經調整運動自我效能後減少了79%，調整知覺運動障礙後減少了53%，在重度身體活動方面，調整運動自我效能與知覺運動障礙後差異均減少了27%，其餘變項經調整體能平均分數後，只能解釋約2％-9％的性別差異，結果指出自我效能、知覺運動障礙因素能解釋較多的中重度及重度身體活動的性別差異。

關鍵語：身體活動、自我效能、知覺運動障礙

Determinants of Gender Differences in Physical Activity

of Primary School

Ming-shinn Lee

Tzu’chi Techology of College

Trai-may Lieu

National Hualien Teachers College

Shen Shu Foung

National Central University

ABSTRACT: This study determined if gender differences in physical activity could be accounted for by differences in selected social-congnitive determinants of activity behavior. Some 382 rural fifth and sixth students provided information regarding physical activity and the hypothesized determinant of activity behavior. Boys reports significantly greater participation in moderate to vigorous. Relative to girls, boys demonstrated higher levels of self-efficacy, peer support to physical activity, exercise knowledge, more home exercise-related equipment and lower perceived barrier. When mean physical activity scores for girls and boys were adjusted for the effects of these determinant variables, the significant gender difference n physical activity remained. However, in moderate and vigorous physical activity, adjusted for self-efficacy reduced the gender gaps by 79%, adjusted for perceived barrier reduced the gender gaps by 53%. In vigorous physical activity, adjusted self-efficacy and perceived barrier reduced the gender gaps by 27%. Adjusted for the other determinant variables reduced the gender gap by 2%-9%. Results indicated self-efficacy and perceived barrier are factors related to the gender difference in physical activity.

keywords: physical activity, self-efficacy, perceived barrier for exercise

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