試探莊周喪妻鼓盆寓言故事的變異與發展
－由「妻死」到「試妻」展開

謝易真

慈濟技術學院通識教育中心

摘要

莊周喪妻鼓盆寓言故事，原本描述莊周因「妻死」悟生死之道進而超越世俗的過程，後世故事內容變異，以莊周成為注重女性節烈的「試妻」者最為有名，本文以此為開展，兼而整理探索本故事在中國社會其他零星變異之發展。進而思考其變異發展的可能因素何在？探索其中變異發展的因素，可能在於莊周喪妻鼓盆事件以一寓言故事作為載體，它的文學性與哲學性，使其在中國社會中具有發揮多種功能的可能，而各種變異與發展脫離不了中國社會不同階段不同群眾的需要，也反應了社會文化的現象。本文整理「莊周喪妻」寓言故事它所曾寄託的思想內容包含有：悟自然運行之道、諷刺「世俗婦女之侈言節烈」、認定莊子試妻違法、斬斷妻子的情孽、宣揚效法莊子勘破男女之情、婚喪之禮以真情為重、情緣如幻境一場、男人求道；女人求愛等……，莊周喪妻鼓盆的寓言故事，所觸及的是具有普遍、深刻與永恆的人生課題，諸如生死課題、夫妻對待課題、生命禮儀課題、男女情愛課題、男女社會地位課題、自然之道與奇幻之術等……。因而能變異與發展成各種思想觀點，豐富多元了中國社會的文化元素，也發揮了一定的功能，提供了人們滿足他們所需要的，包括娛樂、諷諫、幻想、抒情、生命教育、情感教育等。

關鍵字：喪妻鼓盆、試妻、變異、文化現象

I-Chen Hsieh

General Education Center , Tzu Chi College of Technology

Abstract

Zhuang Zhou’s beat bowl at his wife’s Death fable, originally described by Zhuang Zhou, "wife died" of life and death of epiphany of life and death and then beyond the secular process of variation to future generations the story focus on female chastity Zhuang Zhou as the "wife test" are the most well-known, this paper This is carried out, and Order explore the the story and the Chinese community in the development of other sporadic Variation. And then think about the possibility of development of its variation factor that? Explore the development of one variation of the factors that may lie in the event Zhuang Zhou’s beat bowl at his wife’s Death as a carrier to a fable, it's literary and philosophical, so that in Chinese society may have played a variety of functions, and various variations and development from not different people at different stages of Chinese society, the needs of this order, " Zhuang Zhou’s beat bowl at his wife’s Death" a fable that it has entrusted the ideological content includes: epiphany of life and death and then beyond the secular, "the secular women's glibly talked about chastity," finds that Zhuang Zhou Tests His Wife illegal, cut off his wife's love to promote follow Zhuang Zhou unaffected Nannvzhiqing, weddings and gift to the truth as the most important, Love like a fantasy, men seeking Road; woman seeking love, etc. ..., and development of diverse variants present a cultural phenomenon, this the development of various kinds of cultural phenomena and social environment and economic environment, are designed to meet people's needs, Zhuang Zhou’s beat bowl at his wife’s death fable, touched a universal, profound and eternal life issues, such as life and death issues, the couple treated the subject, the subject of life rituals, men and women love the subject, the social status of men and women subjects, the natural way the art of magic with Qi, etc .... Variation and thus can develop into a variety of ideas, a rich and diverse cultural elements of Chinese society has also played a certain feature that provides people to meet their needs, including entertainment, Feng Jian, fantasy, lyrical, life education, emotional education.

Keywords：death of his wife Beat Bowl, try his wife, variation, cultural phenomena.