論杜詩師古注之錯謬
蔡志超
慈濟技術學院通識教育中心副教授
摘 要
南宋出現的杜詩師古注，一直為前人所訾病，這是因為師古注存有諸多訛誤錯繆，注語甚至半偽半真，殽舛弄人。嚴羽、錢謙益與朱鶴齡即曾對師古注多所批評。
師古注誠屬錯解偽注，但仍然值得關注，因為師古注與偽王洙注、偽蘇注等，促使前人重新反省考訂舊注，撥亂反正，錢謙益在〈注杜詩略例〉中即曾刊削舊注之誤，並提出杜詩考據理論；朱鶴齡在《杜工部詩集》中亦曾詳辨注家之偽亂，更進一步提出注杜原則，因此在杜詩學史上偽注錯解使得前人更加謹慎地面對舊注，而非一味采擷，以尋求杜詩的正確解讀，也因此師古注實有其反面價值。
杜詩師古注現在主要是保留在《王狀元集百家注編年杜陵詩史》（簡稱《百家注》）、《分門集註杜工部詩》（簡稱《分門集註》）、《補注杜詩》與《集千家註分類杜工部詩》（簡稱《千家註》）之中。本文嘗試查考師古注出現的時間，並試圖解釋師古注紕誤舛繆的現象，說明其錯繆的原因。
關鍵詞：杜詩、師古、考據
The Mistakes of Shi Gu's Notes in Du Fu's Poem
Chih-Chao Tsai
Abstract
The notes of Shi Gu appearing in Southern Song Dynasty, had been criticized by forefathers all the time , this was because Shi Gu 's notes have a lot of mistakes;part of his notes are true,but not all . Yan Yu,Qian Qian-yi and Zhu He-ling all did criticize to Shi Gu 's notes before.
Though Shi Gu 's notes do have mistakes, it is still worth studying.It impelled forefathers to introspect the old notes more carefully,especially when they studied Du Fu's poem.In that sense, Shi Gu 's notes do have its positive value.
This text attempts to explain the wrong phenomenon of Shi Gu 's notes,and why they are wrong.
Keywords: Du Fu's poem,Shi Gu,Textual criticism