英國護理之家起源、發展及其近代側寫－
歷史性回顧與分析
1吳淑貞
慈濟技術學院護理系
2李玲玲
慈濟技術學院護理系
3徐少慧
慈濟技術學院護理系
中文摘要
台灣文化對老人一向敬重，故老人傳統上都是在家接受家庭的照護，但是由於疾病型態及社會與家庭結構快速的改變，西方社會中護理之家照護老人的模式在台灣油然而生。由於護理之家在台灣是相對較新的老人照護模式，因此為了達到協助台灣健康照護專業人員對護理之家歷史背景，生活在護理之家的意義及其族群能有深度之了解之目的，本篇文章回顧並討論護理之家在英國的起源、發展歷程及其近代的側寫。本文回顧文獻後發現，即便是時代早已變遷，但入住護理之家的族群卻未有所變更。入住護理之家個案多半是因為沒有其他選擇，而入住護理之家經常意含著一個被迫的抉擇與痛苦的交易，及交易事項就是以自主性換取安全感。期望藉此文獻回顧能協助專業健康照護人員了解入住護理之家對住民的意義並能藉此發展適當措施及其他型態之照護模式以符合台灣老人照護之需求。
關鍵字：護理之家歷史，老人照護，英國
The origin, development and current profile of nursing homes in the - an historical review and discussion
1Shu-Chen Wu
Department of Nursing
Tzu
Chi
College of Techndogy
2Ling- Ling Lee
Department of Nursing
Tzu
Chi
College of Techndogy
3Shao-Hui Shu
Department of Nursing
Tzu
Chi
College of Techndogy
Summary
Taiwanese culture lays great respect to elderly people, so elderly people are usually look after at home. However, various socio-economic, family structure as well as disease pattern changes resulted in nursing homes becoming a new and significant elderly care option.
Since the first long-term care facilities in
Europe were created in , this paper reviews the origin, evolution and current profile of nursing homes in the . Nursing homes are a relatively new elderly care alternative in Taiwan, and it is important for health care professionals to know what role the nursing home plays and for which group it was designed, in order, hopefully, to help health care providers to understand the meaning of living in nursing homes for the residents. The review found that after several centuries of evolution and development, nursing homes progressed through the era of the workhouse and entered the 21st century. However, this review found that time has not changed the profile of nursing homes and their population very much. People who move into an institution often do not have any other option. Admission to a long-term care facility means a forced choice - a painful trade-off, where security is purchased at the cost of a further reduction in autonomy. It is hoped that this review will help the health care providers to understand the meaning of living in nursing homes by the residents, and, therefore, be able to develop better health care interventions to meet the needs of elderly care in .
Keywords：nursing home history, aged care,
